For the formation of the Perfect in the Taoian dialect

Abstract

Series III in Georgian is characterized by a number of morphological and syntactic peculiarities. It is mentioned in the special literature that the forms of the III group of tenses-mood are of later origin: they are based on the present tense forms of the static verb (Arn. Chikobava, 1948; A. Shanidze, 1953...). This is the case both in literary Georgian and dialects.
The research aims to study the cases of the formation of the perfect forms in the Taoian dialect and the presentation of similar or different facts in relation to the Georgian literary language and other dialects.
In our research, we rely on new dialect texts, which were recorded in Tao by the employees of the Tariel Putkaradze Scientific Research Center of Kartvelology of Akaki Tsereteli State University, including us, in 2007-2024. Also, we have processed published Taoian texts (Putkaradze 1993; Faghava... 2007; Tao 2020).
Transitive and intransitive verbs produce the perfect in different ways:
I. Among the transitive verbs, the forms with -av, -am theme marks represent some peculiarities. For these types of verbs, the roots of the present and future verb forms are of significant importance in the perfect screeve. In this regard, the diversity of verb forms in the Tao dialect can be observed. The production marked with -av and -am suffixes is confirmed, but forms ending in -ia predominate: duudgams, diminakhavs, dimitesia, diminaqia, shimisvia, chimitsmia, uskvian „urtqams” (“hits”).
There are often cases when verbs without a theme marker and flexible roots are formed with the suffix -am, also, the alteration of the theme markers is not uncommon.
In the research dialect, verbs ending in -i-a rarely include nari in the perfect: davitsqnia, gamaqidnia , gamaqrevnia.
II. In Taoian, the perfect forms of intransitive two-argument verbs are rare, they are produced like literary Georgian. The following cases are confirmed: mkonia (I had had), hkonia (he/she had had), konebia, qokia, hqolia, hqolian.
One-person verbs, similar to the Georgian literary language and other dialects, are used descriptively: davtsolilvar (I have laid down), davtsvenilvar, danakhul var (I have seen), gagonili makva (I have heard). We also find verbs ending in -ia suffix: mitiria (I have cried), miarenia (I have walked).
It can be said that the Tao dialect, in the conditions of many centuries of existence in the Turkish language environment, still maintains the common Georgian line of linguistic development, and this can be seen in the formation of verb forms.