მევენახეობა ისტორიულ მესხეთში ოსმალური დავთრების მიხედვით

Dali Nikolaishvili; Avtandili Ujmajuridze; Davit Sartania

doi:10.61671/bsrcc.v2i2.8716

Authors

Dali Nikolaishvili გეოგრაფიის დოქტორი, პროფესორი, თსუ გეომორფოლოგია-კარტოგრაფიის კათედრის გამგე, ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერისტეტი, საერთაშორისო კარტოგრაფიული ასოციაციის (ICA) ეროვნული წარმომადგენელი https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-3682
Avtandili Ujmajuridze PhD in History, Ivane Javakhishvili Center https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-0455
Davit Sartania PhD in history, TSU Museum, Vice-director, Head of Ivane Javakhishvili Center https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-2801

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61671/bsrcc.v2i2.8716

Keywords:

Ottoman defters, Georgian substrate, Gurjistan Vilayet, Viticulture, XVI centure.

Abstract

Ottoman defters of the 16th century contain rich socio-economic data of a certain region of Meskheti, a part of Georgia conquered by the Ottomans. This makes it possible to uncover Georgian traditional forms of natural resource use and the level of Georgian substratum against the background of centuries-long Ottoman domination. This time, the subject of our study is the Ottoman defters of 1574 and 1595 (registers of Gurdjistan Vilayet). One of the areas of research is to determine the dynamics of change in the way of life of Georgians, which is currently represented by us as the branch of viticulture.
The Battle of Sokhoista in the year 1545 was the main milestone of the victory of the Ottoman expansion, following which the Georgians gradually surrendered their positions. This is why these defters are important, as they were written in 1574 and 1595, about 20 years apart. Thus, they allow us to study the dynamics of various issues, although fail to present a complete picture, since the administrative-territorial unit of the same name (Gurdjistan Vilayet) occupied different areas in 1574 and 1595. Only the territory of Didi Artaan Liva was the same according to the defter of 1574, which corresponds to the total area of Didi Artaan and Panak Livas in 1595. The research has shown that viticulture was one of the most important areas in the Gurjistan Vilayet. This is evidenced by the tax on vineyards, which was levied on almost all settlements. As well as the syrup tax (sweet juice mainly made from grapes). In 1595, in comparison with 1574, the tax on vineyard and syrup in Didi Artaan Liva decreased (in Didi Artaan and Panak Livas), although their share against the background of agricultural taxes did not change and amounted to 1.7%. Against the background of many agricultural taxes, this figure is not small at all what is clear evidence that the traditional economic structure of the population of Georgia has not changed from this point of view.