“Middle Corridor” Transit Route and Black Sea Security

Abstract

The geopolitical changes of the 21st century, particularly the Russia-Ukraine war that began in 2022, have significantly altered Eurasian transit routes. The growing political, economic, and security risks surrounding traditional transport channels have made the search for alternative corridors essential. One such alternative route is the „Middle Corridor” (Trans-Caspian International Transport Route – TITR), which gains particular importance in the context of new geopolitical realities. This article explores Georgia’s role in the development of the „Middle Corridor” and the potential it holds for establishing strategic advantages in international transit competition.
Although the volume of cargo transported via the Middle Corridor increased by 86% in 2023, several challenges still remain, such as the harmonization of regulations, simplification of customs procedures, and increased political coordination. The article also emphasizes that the development of the Middle Corridor depends not only on physical infrastructure but also on political synchronization, economic vision, and regional cooperation, where Georgia plays a significant role.
Georgia’s strategic location between Asia and Europe, along with infrastructure projects such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway and port development, particularly the Anaklia deep-water port, supports Georgia’s role as a transit hub. In the political context, it is important for Georgia to maintain diplomatic balance between the European Union, China, Turkey, and Central Asia in managing security and diplomatic challenges.
Georgia must strengthen three strategic areas: infrastructure development, regional and global political integration, and internal political balance. Additionally, ensuring stability in the Black Sea region is crucial for the long-term success of the „Middle Corridor.”