China’s Artificial Intelligence Policy

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the development of artificial intelligence has become one of the main driving forces of global technological, economic, and geopolitical transformation. In this process, China occupies a leading position not only in terms of technological achievements but also through its state-level strategic governance of artificial intelligence. China’s AI policy encompasses diverse com­po­nents, ranging from the promotion of scientific research to issues of national security, data protection, and ethical regulation. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that, first, artificial intelligence is already influencing China’s social structures and forms of governmental administration - including education, healthcare, urban management, and law enforcement. Second, the impact of China’s AI policy significantly transcends national borders, positioning it as a global force in the redistribution of technological and politico-economic order. Moreover, in 2017 China adopted its AI strategy - New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan - which aims to transform China into a global leader in artificial intelligence by 2030. This document outlines the state’s priorities: stimulating innovation, cultivating talented professionals, esta­blishing an ethical framework, and developing national data standards. Notably, China seeks to use artificial intelligence to shape a model of “optimal governance,” which implies the integration of technological prog­ress with governance instruments.

China’s AI policy demonstrates how technology can become a profound strategic instrument of the state, influencing not only the economy and industry but also transforming governmental structures and introducing new forms of social control. Against this backdrop, the analysis of the topic is important both for technological research and for political science and global governance.