Putkaradze, Mirian. “Trends in Socio-Economic Development in Batumi: (The 1890s to the Early Twentieth Century)”. BLACK SEA REGION AT THE CROSSROADS OF CIVILIZATIONS, vol. 4, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 274-279; 280, doi:10.61671/bsrcc.v4i2.12010.